Current Section
Posterior Apprehension Test
Posterior Apprehension Test
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Name
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Purpose1
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Description1
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Sensitivity, Specificity
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DOR
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Reliability Validity
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Likelihood Ratio +/-
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Posterior Apprehension Test
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Tests for dislocation or posterior instability of the humerus
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The patient should be supine or sitting while the examiner elevates the patient’s shoulder in the plane of the scapula to 90° while using the other hand to stabilize the scapula. The examiner then applies a force posterior on the patients elbow while horizontally adducting and internally rotating the arm. Apprehension is a positive sign.
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Sensitivity=
19.22
Specificity=
99.22
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LR =
24.972
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1. Magee DJ. Orthopedic Physical Assessment. 5th ed. St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier; 2008.
2. Jia X, Petersen SA, Khosravi MS, Almareddi V, Pannirselvam V, McFarland EG. Examination of the shoulder: The past, the present and the future. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009; 91:10-18.
